Arizona's WildLife

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Rock Squirrel

Otospermophilus variegatus

Look on rocks in morning and late afternoon

The rock squirrel (Otospermophilus variegatus) is a large ground squirrel notable for its bushy tail and robust size, growing up to 21 inches in length. Commonly seen perched on rocks, cliffs, and canyon walls, it is one of the most visible and recognizable squirrels in Arizona. Rock squirrels inhabit rocky slopes, steep hillsides, and canyon environments where they forage for seeds, fruits, nuts, and vegetation. They are diurnal and highly alert, often using elevated vantage points to watch for predators. Their social behavior includes vocal warnings and tail signaling to communicate with nearby squirrels. As an adaptable species, rock squirrels play an important role in their ecosystem by dispersing seeds and providing prey for larger predators while adding lively activity to Arizona’s rocky landscapes.

Mammal

Identification & Behavior

Key Features: Rock squirrels have a molted gray coloration on the upper body, with a mix of brown and white on the underside. They are notable for their bushy tail.

Size: 16–21 in, 1–3 lbs

Behavior: Lives in burrows, climbs well, very vocal

Diet: Rock squirrels are primarily herbivores, feeding on leaves, stems, seeds, acorns, and fruits. They will also occasionally eat insects and small vertebrates for additional protein.

Activity Pattern: Diurnal: Rock squirrels are active during the day, especially in the morning and late afternoon.

Habitat & Distribution

Found statewide in rocky terrain, cliffs, canyons, and semi-arid woodlands, including Grand Canyon, Mogollon Rim, and Verde Valley cliffs. Present in Coconino, Prescott, and Tonto National Forests.

Elevation Range: 2,000–7,000 ft

Seasonal Presence: Year-round